Understanding Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Inflammation is the body's natural defense mechanism against injury and infection. It can be classified into acute and chronic types, each with distinct triggers, vascular changes, and cellular responses.

Triggers of Inflammation

• Pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi)
• Tissue injury (trauma, burns)
• Autoimmune reactions

Vascular Changes

During inflammation, blood vessels undergo significant changes, including:

• Vasodilation leading to increased blood flow
• Increased vascular permeability causing edema
• Leukocyte migration to the affected site

Cellular Responses

Inflammatory processes involve various immune cells:

• Neutrophils: first responders in acute inflammation
• Macrophages: involved in prolonged inflammatory responses
• Lymphocytes: key players in chronic inflammation

Outcomes of Inflammation

Inflammation can resolve in three primary ways:

• Resolution: Complete healing with restored tissue integrity
• Fibrosis: Excessive connective tissue formation leading to scarring
• Chronic Progression: Persistent inflammation leading to diseases like rheumatoid arthritis