General Characteristics of Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Inflammation is the body's natural response to injury or infection. It serves as a protective mechanism, triggering vascular and cellular changes to facilitate healing. However, when dysregulated, it can contribute to chronic diseases.

Common Stimuli and Causes of Inflammation

• Infection: Bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections trigger immune responses.
• Trauma: Physical injury, burns, and chemical exposure can initiate inflammatory processes.
• Immune Reactions: Autoimmune disorders and hypersensitivity reactions lead to inflammation.

Vascular Changes in Inflammation

During acute inflammation, the following vascular changes occur:

• Vasodilation increases blood flow to affected tissues.
• Increased vascular permeability allows immune cells and proteins to reach the site of injury.

Cellular Responses in Inflammation

Inflammatory responses involve various immune cells:

• Neutrophils: First responders in acute inflammation, responsible for pathogen elimination.
• Macrophages: Engulf pathogens and debris, playing a key role in chronic inflammation.
• Lymphocytes: Involved in adaptive immune responses during prolonged inflammation.

Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation

Acute inflammation is short-term, resolving once the trigger is removed. Chronic inflammation persists over time, contributing to conditions like arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

Conclusion

Understanding the mechanisms of inflammation helps in developing effective treatments and preventive strategies for inflammatory diseases.