Foreign Body Aspiration in Infants and Children: Types, Clinical Presentation, and Management

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) occurs when an object is inhaled into the respiratory tract, leading to airway obstruction and potential complications.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Common symptoms of FBA include:

• Coughing or choking
• Wheezing
• Stridor
• Cyanosis
• Respiratory distress

Types of Foreign Bodies

Objects commonly aspirated include:

• Food particles (e.g., nuts, seeds)
• Small toys
• Coins
• Organic materials (e.g., leaves, bones)

Diagnosis and Management

Diagnosis is confirmed through clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and bronchoscopy. Management involves immediate airway assessment, potential bronchoscopy for object removal, and supportive care.

Prevention

Preventative measures include:

• Supervising children during meals
• Keeping small objects out of reach
• Providing age-appropriate toys

Early recognition and intervention are crucial in preventing severe complications.