Fetal Viability, Intrauterine Death, and Signs of Live Birth

Understanding Fetal Viability

Fetal viability refers to the stage at which a fetus can survive outside the womb with or without medical intervention. Clinically, viability is considered achievable around 24 weeks of gestation, though modern neonatal care has seen viable births as early as 22 weeks.

Clinical Criteria for Fetal Viability

• Gestational Age: Typically, 22–25 weeks marks the threshold of viability.
• Weight Threshold: Generally, a fetal weight of at least 500 grams is associated with potential survival.
• Organ Development: Adequate lung maturity and neurological function play a significant role in neonatal survival.

Intrauterine Fetal Death

Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) occurs when a fetus dies in utero after 20 weeks of gestation. Causes vary, including maternal conditions, placental abnormalities, and congenital defects.

Diagnosis of IUFD

• Absence of fetal cardiac activity on ultrasound.
• Decreased fetal movements reported by the mother.
• Abnormal Doppler findings indicating fetal distress.

Signs of Live Birth

A live birth is confirmed when a newborn exhibits signs of independent existence, including:

• Spontaneous breathing.
• Heartbeat detection.
• Voluntary movement.