Influence of Special Populations on Febrile Response

Febrile Response in Elderly Individuals: Altered Thermoregulation and Reduced Immune Function

Febrile response, commonly known as fever, is a vital physiological defense mechanism against infections. However, in elderly individuals, this response is often diminished due to age-related changes in thermoregulation and immune function.

Altered Thermoregulation in the Elderly

Thermoregulation involves the body's ability to maintain a stable internal temperature. In older adults, several factors contribute to impaired thermoregulatory responses:

• Reduced hypothalamic sensitivity to pyrogens
• Lower baseline body temperature
• Impaired shivering and vasodilation responses

Impact of Reduced Immune Function

The immune system weakens with age, leading to a condition known as immunosenescence. This results in:

• Decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
• Reduced activation of leukocytes
• Lower febrile response to infections

Clinical Implications

Due to these physiological changes, elderly individuals may not exhibit typical fever patterns despite having infections. This can delay diagnosis and treatment. Healthcare professionals must be vigilant and consider alternative indicators of infection, such as confusion, lethargy, or tachycardia.