Features of Typical and Atypical Cervical Vertebrae (Atlas and Axis)
Anatomical Features and Functions of the Axis (C2)
The axis (C2) is a key cervical vertebra responsible for head rotation and stability, characterized by unique anatomical features.
Features of Typical and Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: The Atlas and Axis
Anatomical Features and Functions of the Axis (C2)
The axis (C2) is the second cervical vertebra, playing a crucial role in supporting the head and facilitating rotational movements. It is characterized by several unique anatomical features that distinguish it from other vertebrae.
Structural Components
- Dens (Odontoid Process): A bony projection that acts as a pivot point for head rotation.
- Superior Articular Facets: Articulates with the atlas (C1) to allow controlled movement.
- Transverse Ligament: Secures the dens in place, preventing excessive motion.
- Spinous Process: Serves as an attachment point for ligaments and muscles.
Function and Importance
The axis enables head rotation through the atlanto-axial joint, allowing movements such as turning the head from side to side. It also provides stability to the upper spine, ensuring smooth articulation with the atlas.
Clinical Significance
Injuries to the axis, such as fractures of the dens, can severely impact neck mobility and may require surgical intervention. Common conditions associated with the axis include atlanto-axial instability and congenital abnormalities affecting cervical spine alignment.
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