Exfoliative Dermatitis: Definition and Clinical Features

Exfoliative dermatitis, also known as erythroderma, is a severe skin condition characterized by widespread redness, scaling, and peeling of the skin. It often results from an underlying dermatological or systemic disorder.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Pre-existing skin disorders (e.g., psoriasis, eczema)
• Drug-induced reactions (e.g., antibiotics, anticonvulsants)
• Underlying malignancies (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma)
• Idiopathic cases

Clinical Features

• Widespread erythema and scaling
• Pruritus and burning sensation
• Systemic involvement (fever, chills, malaise)
• Secondary infections due to skin barrier breakdown

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is clinical but can be supported by skin biopsy and laboratory tests to identify underlying causes.

Treatment

• Address underlying condition
• Supportive care (moisturizers, corticosteroids)
• Systemic medications (antibiotics for infections, immunosuppressants)

Prognosis and Management

With appropriate treatment, most cases improve significantly. Long-term management focuses on preventing recurrence and managing underlying conditions.