Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Management of Nasopharyngitis

Etiology and Risk Factors of Nasopharyngitis

Nasopharyngitis, commonly referred to as the common cold, is an upper respiratory tract infection that affects the nasopharynx. It is predominantly caused by viral infections such as rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus.

Risk Factors

• Exposure to infected individuals
• Seasonal variations (winter months)
• Weak immune system
• Environmental factors (pollution, smoking)

Clinical Features

The clinical presentation of nasopharyngitis includes:

• Sneezing and nasal congestion
• Sore throat and mild fever
• Headache and general malaise
• Self-limiting symptoms lasting 7-10 days

Management

Currently, no specific treatment exists for viral nasopharyngitis. Supportive care remains the primary approach, including:

• Rest and hydration
• Symptomatic treatment with analgesics and antipyretics
• Use of saline nasal sprays and humidifiers

Prevention

Preventative strategies include:

• Frequent handwashing
• Vaccination against influenza
• Avoiding close contact with infected individuals