Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Management of Nasopharyngitis

Nasopharyngitis, commonly known as the common cold, is a viral infection affecting the upper respiratory tract, particularly the nasopharynx. It is highly prevalent among pediatric patients and can be caused by various viral agents, including rhinovirus, coronavirus, and adenovirus.

Etiopathogenesis

Nasopharyngitis occurs due to exposure to infectious pathogens that invade the mucosal lining of the nasopharynx. The immune response leads to inflammation, resulting in characteristic symptoms.

Clinical Features

• Rhinorrhea (runny nose)
• Sneezing
• Sore throat
• Mild fever
• Nasal congestion
• Cough

Diagnostic Approaches and Laboratory Investigations

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on symptoms and patient history. However, laboratory investigations may be warranted in complicated cases.

Common Diagnostic Tests

• Rapid antigen detection tests
• Nasopharyngeal swab for PCR testing
• Complete blood count (CBC) for evaluating bacterial superinfection

Management

General Treatment

• Hydration and rest
• Symptomatic management with analgesics and antipyretics
• Nasal saline irrigation

Pharmacological Interventions

• Antihistamines for symptom relief
• Decongestants (used cautiously in children)
• Antiviral therapy in severe cases

Conclusion

Nasopharyngitis is a self-limiting viral infection, primarily managed with supportive care. Awareness of clinical features and proper diagnostic approaches aid in effective treatment, reducing unnecessary antibiotic use.