Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, radiologic and morphologic features, and complications of osteomyelitis
Etiology of osteomyelitis: Causes, risk factors, and predisposing conditions
Osteomyelitis is a severe bone infection caused by bacteria, typically <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. It can lead to serious complications such as bone necrosis and pathologic fractures if not treated promptly.
Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Radiologic and Morphologic Features, and Complications of Osteomyelitis
Etiology of Osteomyelitis: Causes, Risk Factors, and Predisposing Conditions
Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone typically caused by bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus. It can occur through hematogenous spread, direct inoculation via trauma, or contiguous spread from surrounding tissues.
Causes of Osteomyelitis
- Hematogenous spread (bacteria traveling via bloodstream)
- Direct inoculation (trauma, surgery, open fractures)
- Contiguous spread (from adjacent soft tissue infections)
Risk Factors
- Diabetes mellitus
- Immunocompromised conditions
- Recent surgery or trauma
- Peripheral vascular disease
Clinical Manifestations
Symptoms include fever, localized pain, swelling, and erythema. Chronic osteomyelitis may present with draining sinuses and non-healing wounds.
Radiologic and Morphologic Features
Diagnostic imaging includes X-ray (periosteal reaction), MRI (soft tissue involvement), and bone biopsy for definitive diagnosis.
Complications
- Septic arthritis
- Pathologic fractures
- Chronic osteomyelitis
- Bone necrosis
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