Etiology, clinical presentation, and complications of lung abscess
Radiologic and pathological appearance of lung abscess
Lung abscess is a localized pulmonary infection characterized by cavitation and pus formation. Its etiology includes aspiration pneumonia, trauma, and septic embolism, while complications range from empyema to septicemia.
Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Complications of Lung Abscess
Lung abscess is a localized collection of pus within the pulmonary parenchyma caused by microbial infection. It typically occurs due to aspiration pneumonia, septic embolism, or direct pulmonary infection.
Etiology
The primary cause of lung abscess is aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions. Other contributing factors include post-obstructive infections, hematogenous spread, and infections secondary to trauma.
Clinical Presentation
- Fever and chills
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Cough producing foul-smelling sputum
- Dyspnea
- Weight loss
Radiologic and Pathological Appearance
On imaging, lung abscess appears as a cavitary lesion with air-fluid levels, typically in dependent lung regions. Pathologically, it consists of necrotic tissue and an inflammatory infiltrate.
Complications
- Bronchopleural fistula
- Empyema
- Septicemia
- Chronic cavitary infections
Conclusion
Early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic therapy are essential to prevent serious complications of lung abscess.
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