Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management of Persistent Diarrhea in Children

Introduction

Persistent diarrhea in children remains a significant health concern, particularly in developing regions where sanitation and healthcare access are limited.

Etiology

Various microbial pathogens, including Rotavirus, Cryptosporidium, and Escherichia coli, contribute to prolonged diarrheal episodes.

Clinical Manifestations

• Frequent watery stools lasting more than 14 days
• Dehydration signs such as dry mucous membranes and lethargy
• Malnutrition due to nutrient loss

Management Strategies

Management includes oral rehydration therapy, antimicrobial treatments, and nutritional support through zinc and probiotics.

Prevention and Public Health Measures

Effective prevention relies on improved sanitation, vaccine administration, and health education for caregivers.