Etiology, clinical manifestations, and management of neonatal sepsis
Pathophysiology of neonatal sepsis
Neonatal sepsis is a severe infection affecting newborns, often caused by bacterial pathogens. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for improving outcomes.
Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management of Neonatal Sepsis
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Sepsis
Neonatal sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by infection in newborns, often due to bacterial pathogens. It can be classified as early-onset or late-onset sepsis based on the time of occurrence.
Etiology
Neonatal sepsis is commonly caused by pathogens such as Group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The infection can be transmitted from the mother during delivery or acquired postnatally.
Clinical Manifestations
- Respiratory distress
- Temperature instability
- Lethargy or irritability
- Poor feeding
- Apnea or bradycardia
Management and Treatment
Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial in neonatal sepsis. Management includes:
- Broad-spectrum antibiotics such as ampicillin and gentamicin
- Supportive care including oxygen therapy and fluid management
- Monitoring of vital signs and laboratory markers
Prevention
Strategies to prevent neonatal sepsis include maternal screening for infections, maintaining proper hygiene during delivery, and administering prophylactic antibiotics when indicated.
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