Etiology, Clinical Features, and Management of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Introduction

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common condition affecting newborns, characterized by elevated bilirubin levels that can lead to jaundice...

Etiology

Causes of hyperbilirubinemia include increased bilirubin production due to hemolysis, decreased hepatic clearance, and altered enterohepatic circulation...

Clinical Features

• Yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera
• Poor feeding
• Lethargy in severe cases

Management Strategies

Phototherapy

Phototherapy is the primary treatment for neonatal jaundice. Blue-green light converts bilirubin into water-soluble forms for easier excretion...

Exchange Transfusion

Indicated for severe cases where bilirubin levels risk kernicterus, replacing the infant's blood with donor blood...

Supportive Care

Hydration and adequate feeding to support bilirubin clearance...