Etiology, Clinical Features, and Management of Episcleritis

Introduction

Episcleritis is a benign, self-limiting inflammatory condition affecting the episclera, the thin layer between the conjunctiva and sclera. It is commonly idiopathic but may be associated with systemic diseases. Prompt identification and management can help prevent complications.

Etiology

Although idiopathic cases are most common, episcleritis can be linked to autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or inflammatory bowel disease. Infectious agents, environmental factors, and hypersensitivity reactions may also contribute.

Clinical Features

• Redness of the eye without discharge
• Mild discomfort but no significant pain
• Possible sectoral or diffuse involvement
• Normal vision, unlike scleritis

Management

Medical Treatment

• Topical lubricants to relieve irritation
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for symptomatic relief
• Topical corticosteroids in severe cases

Preventive Measures & Lifestyle Modifications

• Avoid exposure to allergens and irritants
• Use protective eyewear if needed
• Maintain hydration and a healthy diet
• Regular ophthalmic check-ups for individuals with systemic diseases

Conclusion

Episcleritis is a manageable condition with proper care and lifestyle changes. While most cases resolve spontaneously, recurrent episodes may require further evaluation for underlying systemic conditions.