Etiology, Clinical Features, and Management of Episcleritis

Introduction

Episcleritis is a common, benign inflammatory condition of the episclera, the thin layer between the conjunctiva and sclera. It often presents as redness in one or both eyes without significant pain or visual impairment.

Etiology

While the exact cause remains unclear, episcleritis is associated with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease. It can also occur idiopathically.

Clinical Features

Signs and Symptoms

• Redness in one or both eyes
• Mild discomfort or irritation
• No significant visual changes
• Self-limiting episodes lasting days to weeks

Management

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is clinical, based on patient history and examination. Slit-lamp evaluation may help distinguish episcleritis from other conditions.

Treatment

Most cases resolve without intervention. Artificial tears can alleviate discomfort, and NSAIDs or corticosteroids may be prescribed for persistent cases. If associated with systemic disease, management of the underlying condition is crucial.

Conclusion

Episcleritis is a benign eye condition that typically resolves on its own. However, recurrent episodes may warrant further investigation into underlying systemic disorders.