Etiology and Pathophysiology of Waterborne Diseases in Children

Introduction

Waterborne diseases pose a significant threat to children’s health worldwide. These illnesses, caused by pathogenic microorganisms transmitted through contaminated water, include jaundice, hepatitis, and diarrheal illnesses.

Common Waterborne Diseases

Jaundice and Hepatitis

Jaundice is often linked to viral hepatitis, primarily Hepatitis A and E, which spread through fecal-oral transmission in contaminated water sources.

Diarrheal Illnesses

Diarrheal diseases, including cholera and dysentery, result from bacterial, viral, or protozoal infections. The major pathogens include Vibrio cholerae, Shigella, and rotaviruses.

Pathophysiology

Ingestion of contaminated water leads to infection, damaging the intestinal mucosa and liver. Pathogens interfere with normal absorption processes, leading to severe dehydration and malnutrition in children.

Public Health Measures

• Ensuring access to clean and safe drinking water
• Promoting hand hygiene and sanitation practices
• Vaccination programs against hepatitis and rotavirus
• Educating communities about water purification methods

Conclusion

Waterborne diseases in children remain a significant challenge, but effective public health strategies can mitigate risks and prevent outbreaks.