Erythroderma: Definition and Clinical Presentation

Introduction

Erythroderma, also known as exfoliative dermatitis, is a severe inflammatory skin disorder characterized by widespread erythema and scaling covering more than 90% of the body's surface.

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Erythroderma can be caused by preexisting dermatoses (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis), drug reactions, malignancies, or idiopathic origins. The condition leads to skin barrier dysfunction, resulting in excessive heat and fluid loss.

Clinical Features

• Widespread Erythema: Diffuse redness across the skin.
• Desquamation: Extensive scaling and peeling.
• Systemic Symptoms: Fever, malaise, and lymphadenopathy.
• Complications: Risk of secondary infections and metabolic imbalances.

Diagnosis

Clinical examination and patient history are crucial. Additional tests such as skin biopsy, bloodwork, and malignancy screening may be necessary for determining the underlying cause.

Management and Treatment

• Supportive Care: Fluid balance, temperature regulation, and skin hydration.
• Pharmacologic Therapy: Systemic corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and targeted therapy based on underlying disease.
• Follow-up: Long-term dermatological evaluation to prevent recurrence.

Conclusion

Erythroderma is a severe dermatologic condition requiring prompt evaluation and multidisciplinary management. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment can improve outcomes and reduce complications.