Epidemiology of Leprosy

Global Prevalence

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, remains a significant public health concern in various regions worldwide. Despite efforts to eliminate the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports thousands of new cases annually, particularly in countries like India, Brazil, and Indonesia.

Risk Factors

• Prolonged close contact with an infected individual
• Genetic susceptibility
• Weakened immune system
• Poverty and inadequate healthcare access

Transmission Dynamics

Leprosy is primarily transmitted through prolonged exposure to respiratory droplets from an infected person. The Mycobacterium leprae bacterium has a slow replication rate, leading to a long incubation period, often spanning several years.

Public Health Impact

Leprosy can cause severe disabilities if left untreated, leading to social stigma and economic hardship. Early diagnosis and multidrug therapy (MDT) have significantly reduced the disease burden, but continued surveillance and awareness programs are essential.

Conclusion

Despite advancements in treatment, leprosy remains a challenge in endemic regions. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure and promoting early detection are crucial to achieving global eradication.