Etiology, Clinical Features, and Management of Pediatric Stridor

Introduction

Pediatric stridor is a critical condition characterized by high-pitched respiratory sounds due to airway obstruction. Understanding its etiology and management is essential for effective intervention.

Etiology

Stridor can result from various causes, including congenital anomalies, infections, trauma, or allergic reactions.

• Congenital causes: Laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia, subglottic stenosis.
• Infectious causes: Croup, epiglottitis, bacterial tracheitis.
• Traumatic causes: Foreign body aspiration, post-intubation injury.
• Allergic causes: Anaphylaxis leading to laryngeal edema.

Clinical Features

Presentation varies based on the severity and etiology. Key signs include:

• Inspiratory or biphasic stridor
• Retractions
• Cyanosis in severe cases
• Altered voice or barking cough

Emergency Management of Acute Stridor

Rapid assessment and intervention are critical:

1. Airway assessment: Determine severity and potential need for intubation.
2. Oxygen therapy: Administer humidified oxygen or heliox.
3. Pharmacological treatment: Nebulized epinephrine, corticosteroids, antibiotics.
4. Surgical intervention: Tracheostomy for severe cases.

Conclusion

Early recognition and prompt management of pediatric stridor are crucial for optimal outcomes.