Anatomical Basis of Congenital Hydrocephalus

Effects of Aqueductal Stenosis on Ventricular Enlargement

Congenital hydrocephalus is a neurological condition characterized by excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain’s ventricular system due to obstruction, defective absorption, or excessive production.

Pathophysiology of Aqueductal Stenosis

Aqueductal stenosis is a common cause of congenital hydrocephalus, where narrowing or obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct disrupts CSF flow from the third to the fourth ventricle.

• Obstructed CSF Flow: Leads to dilation of the lateral and third ventricles.
• Increased Intracranial Pressure: Causes progressive neurological deficits.
• Altered Brain Development: Results in enlarged head circumference in infants.

Clinical Presentation

Common symptoms include macrocephaly, developmental delays, vomiting, and signs of increased intracranial pressure.

Diagnosis & Management

Diagnosis is made via neuroimaging (MRI, CT scans) and managed through ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).