Pathophysiology of Shock: Types, Mechanisms, and Principles of Resuscitation
Distributive Shock: Septic, Anaphylactic, and Neurogenic Forms
Distributive shock encompasses septic, anaphylactic, and neurogenic forms, all leading to abnormal blood flow and compromised organ perfusion. Resuscitation focuses on fluid therapy, vasopressors, and addressing underlying causes.
Pathophysiology of Shock: Types, Mechanisms, and Principles of Resuscitation
Distributive Shock: Septic, Anaphylactic, and Neurogenic Forms
Distributive shock is characterized by abnormal blood distribution due to vascular dysfunction, leading to inadequate perfusion of vital organs.
Septic Shock
Caused by severe infection, septic shock leads to systemic inflammation, vasodilation, and increased capillary permeability, resulting in hypotension.
Anaphylactic Shock
Triggered by severe allergic reactions, anaphylactic shock involves widespread histamine release, causing vasodilation, airway compromise, and circulatory collapse.
Neurogenic Shock
Occurs due to spinal cord injury, leading to autonomic dysfunction and vasodilation without compensatory tachycardia.
Principles of Resuscitation
- Fluid Resuscitation: IV fluids to restore intravascular volume.
- Vasopressors: Medications to support vascular tone and blood pressure.
- Antibiotics & Steroids: Targeting underlying infection or inflammation.
- Airway Management: Ensuring oxygenation and ventilation.
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