Hypercalcemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Hypercalcemia is a condition characterized by elevated levels of calcium in the blood. It can have significant physiological effects and may require medical intervention.

Causes of Hypercalcemia

Several factors can lead to hypercalcemia, including:

Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Overactivity of the parathyroid glands increases calcium release.
Malignancies: Certain cancers, like lung and breast cancer, can elevate calcium levels.
Vitamin D Toxicity: Excess vitamin D can lead to enhanced calcium absorption.
Chronic Kidney Disease: Impaired renal function affects calcium regulation.
Medications: Some drugs, like thiazide diuretics, contribute to elevated calcium levels.

Symptoms of Hypercalcemia

Common symptoms include:

Nausea and vomiting
Fatigue and confusion
Bone pain and fractures
Frequent urination
Heart palpitations

Treatment of Hypercalcemia

Treatment varies based on severity and underlying causes:

Intravenous Fluids: Help flush excess calcium from the body.
Bisphosphonates: Used to inhibit bone resorption.
Calcitonin: Helps reduce calcium levels quickly.
Dialysis: Recommended in severe cases where kidney function is impaired.
Addressing Underlying Conditions: Managing parathyroid disorders or malignancies.

Prevention and Lifestyle Modifications

Preventive measures include:

Regular monitoring of calcium levels
Maintaining balanced vitamin D and calcium intake
Hydration and adequate kidney function support

Conclusion

Hypercalcemia is a serious condition that requires proper medical diagnosis and treatment. Understanding its causes and symptoms can aid in early intervention and effective management.