Diagnostic Tests in Pathology

Stool Examination - Microscopy and Chemical Analysis

Stool examination is a crucial diagnostic tool in pathology, used to detect infections, gastrointestinal disorders, and other medical conditions. The process involves both microscopic and chemical analysis to assess the composition of the stool sample.

Microscopy in Stool Examination

Microscopy aids in identifying parasites, bacterial infections, and abnormal cells. Techniques include:

• Direct Smear Examination: Detects protozoa and helminths.
• Concentration Methods: Improves detection of parasites.
• Staining Techniques: Helps identify specific pathogens.

Chemical Analysis of Stool

Chemical tests provide insight into digestion and absorption efficiency. Common analyses include:

• Occult Blood Test: Detects hidden blood, indicating possible gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Fecal Fat Test: Evaluates fat malabsorption issues.
• pH Test: Determines acid-base balance abnormalities.

Clinical Significance

Stool analysis helps diagnose infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, malabsorption disorders, and colorectal conditions. It is an essential component of gastrointestinal pathology investigations.