Diagnostic Evaluation of Anemia
Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency Assessment
Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are key causes of anemia, affecting red blood cell production. Diagnosis involves laboratory testing, and treatment includes supplementation.
Diagnostic Evaluation of Anemia: Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency
Anemia is a condition characterized by a reduction in red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues. Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are common causes of anemia, affecting DNA synthesis and red blood cell production.
Causes of Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency
- Inadequate dietary intake
- Malabsorption syndromes (e.g., pernicious anemia, Crohn's disease)
- Increased requirements during pregnancy
- Chronic alcohol consumption
- Certain medications (e.g., methotrexate)
Clinical Presentation
Patients may experience fatigue, pallor, weakness, and neurological symptoms like paresthesia and memory impairment, especially in vitamin B12 deficiency.
Diagnostic Evaluation
Diagnosis involves measuring serum levels of vitamin B12 and folate, along with additional tests:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) showing macrocytosis
- Serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels
- Intrinsic factor antibody test for pernicious anemia
Treatment and Management
Management depends on the underlying cause:
- Vitamin B12 supplementation via oral or intramuscular route
- Folate replacement therapy
- Treating underlying conditions affecting absorption
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