Diagnostic Evaluation of Anemia

Bone Marrow Examination for Anemia

Anemia is a condition characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells (RBCs) or decreased hemoglobin levels, leading to insufficient oxygen transport. When routine blood tests do not provide enough information, a bone marrow examination becomes crucial in diagnosing the underlying cause.

Why Perform a Bone Marrow Examination?

To evaluate bone marrow cellularity and morphology
To determine if anemia is caused by bone marrow disorders
To assess iron stores, reticulocyte production, and abnormal cell infiltration

Types of Bone Marrow Examination

Bone Marrow Aspiration

Bone marrow aspiration involves extracting a small sample of liquid marrow for microscopic analysis. This helps in identifying abnormal RBC precursors, iron levels, and infections.

Bone Marrow Biopsy

A biopsy provides a more comprehensive look at the marrow structure and its components. It aids in diagnosing conditions like aplastic anemia, leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes.

Procedure and Interpretation

The procedure involves inserting a specialized needle into the iliac crest or sternum to extract marrow samples. The findings determine whether anemia results from ineffective hematopoiesis, marrow infiltration, or iron deficiency.

Conclusion

Bone marrow examination is a critical diagnostic tool for anemia, providing insights into marrow function and potential pathological conditions. It is essential for identifying hematological disorders that may require targeted treatment.