Definition and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production or resistance to insulin action.

Diagnostic Criteria and Methods for Diabetes Mellitus

Diagnosis is based on specific glucose measurements, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Types of Diabetes Mellitus

• Type 1 Diabetes: Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.
• Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin resistance with eventual beta-cell dysfunction.
• Gestational Diabetes: Diabetes occurring during pregnancy, increasing future risk of type 2 diabetes.

Diagnostic Methods

Tests include fasting glucose tests, OGTT, HbA1c levels, and random plasma glucose levels. Early diagnosis and management reduce complications.