Thrombocytopenia in Children: Diagnostic Criteria & Laboratory Evaluation of ITP

Introduction

Thrombocytopenia refers to a decrease in platelet count, which can lead to bleeding tendencies. In children, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common cause of isolated thrombocytopenia.

Diagnostic Criteria

• Platelet count < 100,000/μL
• Absence of other causes of thrombocytopenia
• Normal bone marrow function (megakaryocytes present)

Laboratory Evaluation

Laboratory tests aid in confirming the diagnosis:

• Complete blood count (CBC) to assess platelet levels
• Peripheral blood smear to evaluate platelet morphology
• Bone marrow examination if atypical features are present
• Serology for infections (such as Epstein-Barr virus)

Management & Prognosis

Most cases of pediatric ITP resolve spontaneously. Treatment options include corticosteroids, IVIG, and anti-D immunoglobulin for severe cases.

Conclusion

Early recognition of ITP through proper diagnostic evaluation is crucial for effective management and improving outcomes in children.