Describe and Discuss the Differences Between Primary and Secondary Hypertension

Definition and Classification of Hypertension

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure levels. It is classified into two main types: primary (essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension.

Primary Hypertension

Definition

Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is high blood pressure with no identifiable cause. It develops gradually over time due to genetic and lifestyle factors.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Genetic predisposition
• Poor dietary habits (high sodium intake)
• Lack of physical activity
• Obesity
• Chronic stress

Secondary Hypertension

Definition

Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure caused by an underlying medical condition. It is often more severe than primary hypertension and requires targeted treatment.

Causes

• Kidney disease
• Hormonal disorders (e.g., Cushing’s syndrome)
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Use of certain medications (e.g., steroids)
• Congenital heart defects

Key Differences

Feature	Primary Hypertension	Secondary Hypertension
Cause	Unknown	Identifiable medical condition
Onset	Gradual	Sudden
Treatment	Lifestyle modifications, medication	Treating underlying condition

Conclusion

Understanding the distinction between primary and secondary hypertension is critical for effective management. While primary hypertension is managed through lifestyle changes and medications, secondary hypertension requires identifying and addressing the root cause.