Definition, Classification, and Morphological Characteristics of Anemia

Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin, leading to inadequate oxygen transport to body tissues.

Classification of Anemia

• Microcytic Anemia: Small RBCs due to iron deficiency or thalassemia.
• Normocytic Anemia: Normal-sized RBCs seen in anemia of chronic disease or acute blood loss.
• Macrocytic Anemia: Large RBCs typically caused by vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.

Morphological Characteristics

Based on RBC appearance, anemia is classified into microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic types. Peripheral blood smear evaluation aids diagnosis.

Laboratory Diagnosis and Interpretation

• Complete Blood Count (CBC) for hemoglobin levels.
• Peripheral Blood Smear to assess RBC morphology.
• Reticulocyte Count for bone marrow response.
• Serum Iron Studies to differentiate types of anemia.

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and management.