Definition, classification, and morphological characteristics of anemia
Etiology and pathogenesis of anemia
Anemia is a hematological disorder characterized by reduced red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to impaired oxygen transport. It is classified by etiology and morphology.
Definition, Classification, and Morphological Characteristics of Anemia
Anemia is a condition characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin levels, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues. It can be classified based on etiology, morphology, and pathogenesis.
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Anemia
The underlying causes of anemia vary widely and include nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, genetic disorders, and bone marrow suppression. Pathogenesis involves inadequate RBC production, excessive RBC destruction, or blood loss.
Classification of Anemia
- Microcytic anemia: Characterized by small RBCs, commonly seen in iron deficiency anemia.
- Normocytic anemia: Normal-sized RBCs but reduced overall count, often due to chronic diseases.
- Macrocytic anemia: Enlarged RBCs, frequently associated with vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.
Morphological Characteristics
Microscopic evaluation of RBCs helps determine the type of anemia. Common characteristics include hypochromia, anisocytosis, and poikilocytosis, which assist in diagnosis.
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