Definition, Classification, and Management of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR)

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are harmful or unintended responses to a medication that occur at normal doses. They can range from mild discomfort to severe, life-threatening conditions.

Classification of ADRs

• Type A (Augmented): Dose-dependent reactions such as side effects and toxicity.
• Type B (Bizarre): Idiosyncratic and unpredictable reactions like anaphylaxis.
• Type C (Chronic): Long-term effects due to prolonged drug use.
• Type D (Delayed): Effects occurring after drug exposure, like teratogenicity.
• Type E (End-of-use): Withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation.

Principles of Managing ADRs

1. Early detection through patient monitoring and reporting.
2. Proper drug selection with individual risk assessment.
3. Patient education regarding potential side effects.
4. Discontinuation or substitution of the offending drug.
5. Supportive care including symptomatic treatment.