Delirium Tremens: Definition and Overview

Delirium Tremens (DTs) is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal characterized by sudden and severe mental and neurological changes. It typically occurs in individuals who have been consuming large amounts of alcohol for an extended period and then abruptly stop.

Symptoms

• Severe confusion and disorientation
• Hallucinations (visual, auditory, and tactile)
• Hyperactivity and agitation
• Seizures
• Autonomic instability (tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia)

Causes and Risk Factors

DTs result from alcohol withdrawal, usually after prolonged heavy drinking. Risk factors include:

• History of prolonged alcohol dependence
• Previous withdrawal episodes
• Concurrent medical conditions
• Malnutrition

Treatment and Management

Delirium Tremens is a medical emergency and requires immediate intervention. Treatment options include:

• Hospitalization and monitoring
• Intravenous benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, lorazepam)
• Fluid and electrolyte replacement
• Thiamine supplementation
• Supportive care including oxygen and sedation

Prevention

Individuals at risk should seek medical guidance before discontinuing alcohol to avoid severe withdrawal symptoms. Gradual tapering and supervised detoxification help prevent DTs.