Prevalence and Causes of Somatoform, Dissociative, and Conversion Disorders

Definition and Classification of Somatoform Disorders

Somatoform disorders are a group of psychological conditions in which patients experience physical symptoms without any identifiable medical cause. These disorders are often linked to emotional stress, underlying psychiatric conditions, or neurological dysfunctions.

Types of Somatoform Disorders

• Somatization Disorder: Characterized by multiple, recurrent physical complaints.
• Hypochondriasis: Excessive worry about having a serious illness despite medical reassurance.
• Pain Disorder: Chronic pain that is significantly influenced by psychological factors.
• Conversion Disorder: Neurological symptoms (e.g., paralysis, blindness) that cannot be medically explained.

Prevalence and Causes

Somatoform and related disorders affect approximately 5-7% of the global population, with a higher prevalence among individuals exposed to prolonged stress or trauma. Genetic predisposition, altered brain function, and psychological distress contribute to their development.

Diagnosis and Management

Diagnosis is based on a thorough medical assessment, ruling out organic causes, and considering psychological evaluations. Treatment involves psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medication, and stress management strategies.