Hyphema and Hypopyon: Definition and Classification

Hyphema and hypopyon are ophthalmological conditions characterized by abnormal intraocular fluid accumulation.

Definition of Hyphema

Hyphema refers to the presence of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, usually due to trauma or underlying vascular disorders.

Classification of Hyphema

• Grade 0: No visible blood, only red blood cells detectable by slit-lamp examination.
• Grade I: <25% of anterior chamber filled with blood.
• Grade II: 25-50% of anterior chamber involved.
• Grade III: 50-100% filling.
• Grade IV: Total anterior chamber hemorrhage, often referred to as '8-ball hyphema'.

Definition of Hypopyon

Hypopyon is characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells and pus in the anterior chamber, often resulting from severe infections or autoimmune conditions.

Clinical Presentation and Management

Patients may present with pain, blurred vision, and photophobia. Management includes careful monitoring, medical therapy (steroids or antibiotics), and in severe cases, surgical intervention.

Conclusion

Both hyphema and hypopyon are serious ophthalmic conditions requiring prompt evaluation and management to prevent complications such as secondary glaucoma or corneal damage.