Definition and Classification of Anemia
Morphological Classification of Anemia
Anemia is a condition marked by reduced red blood cells or hemoglobin, impacting oxygen transport. It is classified morphologically as microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic anemia.
Definition and Classification of Anemia
Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, leading to reduced oxygen transport to tissues. It can result from various underlying causes and is classified based on morphology, etiology, and pathophysiology.
Morphological Classification of Anemia
The morphological classification is based on the size and hemoglobin content of red blood cells, which helps in diagnosing different types of anemia:
1. Microcytic Anemia
Characterized by small-sized RBCs with reduced hemoglobin content.
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Thalassemia
- Lead poisoning
2. Normocytic Anemia
Involves normal-sized RBCs but in insufficient numbers.
- Anemia of chronic disease
- Aplastic anemia
- Hemolytic anemia
3. Macrocytic Anemia
Characterized by larger-than-normal RBCs due to impaired DNA synthesis.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
- Folate deficiency anemia
- Liver disease-associated anemia
Diagnosis and Management
Anemia is diagnosed through complete blood count (CBC), peripheral blood smear, reticulocyte count, and other specific tests based on suspected cause. Management varies depending on type and etiology, ranging from iron supplementation to bone marrow transplantation.
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