Definition and Classification of Anemia
Classification Based on Morphology
Anemia is classified based on red blood cell morphology into microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic types. Each category is associated with distinct underlying causes that influence treatment approaches.
Definition and Classification of Anemia
Introduction
Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood, leading to inadequate oxygen transport to body tissues. It can result from various causes, including nutritional deficiencies, genetic disorders, or chronic diseases.
Classification Based on Morphology
1. Microcytic Anemia
Microcytic anemia is defined by red blood cells (RBCs) that are smaller than normal (low mean corpuscular volume, MCV). Common causes include:
- Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)
- Thalassemia
- Sideroblastic anemia
- Chronic disease-related anemia
2. Normocytic Anemia
Normocytic anemia features RBCs of normal size but a reduced overall number. Causes include:
- Anemia of chronic disease
- Hemolytic anemia
- Aplastic anemia
- Acute blood loss
3. Macrocytic Anemia
Macrocytic anemia occurs when RBCs are larger than normal (high MCV). The primary causes are:
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Folate deficiency
- Liver disease
- Myelodysplastic syndromes
Conclusion
Understanding anemia's classification based on morphology aids in diagnosis and appropriate management. Proper evaluation of red blood cell size and hemoglobin levels is crucial for determining underlying causes and selecting effective treatment strategies.
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