Cystic Diseases of the Kidney: Simple Renal Cysts

Introduction

Simple renal cysts are common fluid-filled sacs that form in the kidneys, often discovered incidentally during imaging studies. While generally benign, they can sometimes lead to complications requiring medical attention.

Characteristics of Simple Renal Cysts

• Usually solitary and unilateral
• Thin-walled with clear fluid
• Do not communicate with the renal pelvis

Clinical Significance

Simple renal cysts are mostly asymptomatic, but in some cases, they may cause flank pain, hematuria, or infection. Their distinction from more serious cystic kidney diseases is essential for proper management.

Diagnosis

• Ultrasonography: First-line diagnostic tool
• CT Scan: Used to assess complexity and rule out malignancy
• MRI: Sometimes used for further characterization

Treatment and Management

Most simple renal cysts require no treatment. If symptomatic or complicated, options include:

• Periodic monitoring
• Percutaneous drainage
• Surgical intervention in rare cases

Conclusion

Simple renal cysts are generally benign but require careful evaluation to rule out complex cystic diseases. Regular follow-up imaging may be necessary for atypical presentations.