Cutaneous Manifestations of Vitamin A Deficiency

Overview of Vitamin A and Its Role in Skin Health

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient that plays a pivotal role in skin integrity, immune function, and cell differentiation. Its deficiency can lead to various dermatological issues, impacting skin barrier function and overall health.

Skin Changes Due to Vitamin A Deficiency

Follicular Hyperkeratosis

One of the earliest signs of deficiency, follicular hyperkeratosis presents as rough, dry patches on the skin, often resembling goosebumps. This occurs due to abnormal keratinization of hair follicles.

Dry Skin and Xerosis

Vitamin A is essential for maintaining moisture in the skin. Deficiency can result in xerosis, characterized by excessive dryness, scaling, and increased sensitivity.

Impaired Wound Healing

Vitamin A deficiency compromises immune function, reducing the skin’s ability to heal wounds and recover from injuries effectively.

Systemic Effects

Beyond the skin, vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness, increased susceptibility to infections, and compromised epithelial integrity.

Diagnosis and Management

• Clinical Examination: Dermatologists assess characteristic signs of deficiency.
• Serum Retinol Levels: Blood tests can confirm low vitamin A levels.
• Dietary Adjustments: Including foods rich in vitamin A, such as liver, eggs, and orange-colored vegetables.
• Supplementation: In severe cases, medical professionals may recommend retinol supplementation.

Conclusion

Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining skin health. Early recognition of its deficiency and appropriate intervention can prevent long-term complications.