Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Vascular Manifestations – Livedo Reticularis, Raynaud’s Phenomenon, and Vasculitis

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune condition that can affect multiple organs, including the skin. One of the primary cutaneous manifestations involves vascular complications.

Livedo Reticularis

Livedo reticularis presents as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin due to abnormal blood circulation. It is commonly seen in lupus patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and suggests underlying vascular dysfunction.

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Raynaud’s phenomenon is characterized by episodic pallor and cyanosis of the fingers and toes due to vasospasm triggered by cold or stress. SLE patients often experience Raynaud’s, highlighting systemic vascular involvement.

Vasculitis

Vasculitis in lupus can cause inflammation and damage to blood vessels, leading to skin ulcers, necrosis, or purpura. This is a severe manifestation and often requires aggressive immunosuppressive therapy.

Diagnosis & Management

• Clinical examination and skin biopsies help confirm diagnosis.
• Immunological markers like ANA and antiphospholipid antibodies aid in diagnosis.
• Treatment includes corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and vasodilators.

Early recognition of these vascular manifestations is essential for preventing complications and improving patient outcomes.