Cryptorchidism (Undescended Testis)
Treatment and Management Strategies
Cryptorchidism, or undescended testis, is a common condition in newborn males. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, including surgery, are crucial for preventing complications.
Cryptorchidism (Undescended Testis): Treatment and Management Strategies
Introduction
Cryptorchidism, or undescended testis, is a condition in which one or both testicles fail to move into the scrotum before birth. It is one of the most common congenital abnormalities affecting male infants.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact causes are not always clear, but risk factors may include:
- Premature birth
- Low birth weight
- Genetic abnormalities
- Hormonal imbalances
- Environmental factors
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination shortly after birth. In some cases, imaging techniques such as ultrasound or MRI may be needed.
Treatment Options
Observation
In many cases, a testis may descend on its own within the first few months of life. Monitoring is often advised initially.
Hormonal Therapy
Hormonal treatments such as hCG or GnRH may stimulate testicular descent but are used less frequently.
Surgical Intervention
Orchiopexy is the standard surgical procedure, ideally performed between 6 months to 1 year of age.
Long-Term Management
Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor testicular function and development. Untreated cryptorchidism can lead to infertility or an increased risk of testicular cancer.
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