Congenital and Acquired Musculoskeletal Malformations

Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot): Classification, Causes, Diagnostic Methods, and Treatment Strategies

Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), commonly known as clubfoot, is a congenital musculoskeletal deformity affecting the foot and ankle. It is characterized by a twisted foot position with inward and downward rotation.

Classification

• Idiopathic Clubfoot: Most common type with no identifiable cause.
• Neurogenic Clubfoot: Associated with neuromuscular disorders.
• Syndromic Clubfoot: Linked to genetic syndromes.

Causes

• Genetic factors and family history
• Environmental influences during pregnancy
• Abnormal fetal positioning

Diagnostic Methods

CTEV is typically diagnosed through physical examination at birth and confirmed using imaging techniques such as X-rays and ultrasound.

Treatment Strategies

• Non-surgical Management: Ponseti method, stretching exercises, and bracing.
• Surgical Intervention: Soft tissue release or bony reconstruction for severe cases.

Early intervention is crucial for successful correction and improved mobility in affected individuals.