Composition of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord. It plays a vital role in protecting the central nervous system, providing nutrients, and removing metabolic waste.

Overview of CSF

CSF is primarily composed of water, electrolytes, proteins, and glucose. It is produced in the choroid plexus and circulates within the ventricles of the brain and the spinal canal.

Functions of CSF

• Mechanical protection: Acts as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord.
• Homeostasis: Regulates pH balance and electrolyte concentration.
• Waste removal: Facilitates the clearance of metabolic waste and toxins.
• Nutrient transport: Helps deliver essential nutrients to neural tissues.

Biochemical Composition

CSF is composed of several important components:

• Proteins: Albumin and immunoglobulins are present in small amounts.
• Electrolytes: Sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride maintain neural function.
• Glucose: Provides energy to neural cells.
• Cellular components: A very small number of white blood cells can be found.

Clinical Significance

CSF analysis is crucial in diagnosing neurological disorders such as meningitis, multiple sclerosis, and hydrocephalus. Abnormalities in its composition can indicate various pathological conditions.