Composition and Functions of Blood Components

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) - Structure and Function

Red blood cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes, are essential components of blood responsible for oxygen transport throughout the body. These cells are uniquely designed to perform their function efficiently.

Structure of Red Blood Cells

• Biconcave disc shape increases surface area for gas exchange.
• Lack of a nucleus and organelles enhances flexibility for capillary movement.
• Composed primarily of hemoglobin, a protein crucial for oxygen binding.

Function of Red Blood Cells

RBCs primarily transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues and return carbon dioxide for exhalation. Their high hemoglobin content allows efficient oxygen delivery, ensuring cellular respiration.

Life Cycle of Red Blood Cells

• Produced in the bone marrow through erythropoiesis.
• Have a lifespan of approximately 120 days.
• Removed by the spleen and liver through phagocytosis.

Importance of Red Blood Cells in Health

Maintaining healthy RBC levels is vital for overall well-being. Conditions like anemia, polycythemia, and sickle cell disease affect their functionality and require medical intervention.