Composition and Functions of Blood Components

Plasma - Components and Their Physiological Roles

Blood is a vital fluid that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Among its components, plasma constitutes approximately 55% of the total blood volume and serves as a transport medium for various substances.

Composition of Plasma

• Water (90-92%) - Serves as a solvent and medium for biochemical reactions.
• Plasma Proteins - Includes albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen, which contribute to osmotic balance, immunity, and coagulation.
• Electrolytes - Sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions help maintain acid-base balance and cellular function.
• Nutrients and Waste Products - Glucose, lipids, amino acids, urea, and bilirubin are transported within plasma.
• Hormones and Enzymes - Facilitate regulatory and metabolic functions.

Physiological Roles of Plasma

• Transportation - Carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic waste.
• Coagulation - Contains clotting factors that prevent excessive bleeding.
• Immunity - Contains antibodies that defend against pathogens.
• Acid-Base Balance - Maintains pH homeostasis through buffer systems.
• Thermoregulation - Distributes heat evenly across the body.

Understanding plasma's composition and functions is crucial for diagnosing and managing various medical conditions. Its dynamic nature plays a pivotal role in physiological processes.