Complications of Leprosy, including Disability and Stigma

Introduction

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, affecting the skin, peripheral nerves, and other tissues. Despite effective treatment with multidrug therapy (MDT), leprosy can lead to severe complications, including physical disability and societal stigma.

Medical Complications of Leprosy

Neurological Impairments

Peripheral nerve damage leads to loss of sensation, muscle weakness, and deformities such as clawed hands and foot drop.

Skin and Tissue Damage

Persistent lesions, ulcerations, and resorption of digits are common in untreated or advanced cases.

Ocular Complications

Leprosy can cause lagophthalmos (inability to close eyelids) and corneal damage, potentially leading to blindness.

Psychosocial Impact and Stigma

Social Ostracization

Historical misconceptions and fear surrounding leprosy contribute to isolation and discrimination.

Psychological Distress

Many patients suffer from anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem due to societal rejection and disability.

Rehabilitation and Support Strategies

Medical and Surgical Interventions

• Reconstructive surgeries for deformities.
• Physiotherapy and occupational therapy to restore function.

Psychiatric and Psychological Support

Counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy, and community support programs help address mental health challenges.

Social Inclusion Programs

Advocacy, education, and vocational training empower patients, reducing stigma and improving quality of life.

Conclusion

Comprehensive care, integrating medical treatment, rehabilitation, and social support, is crucial for improving the lives of leprosy patients.