Common Adolescent Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Complications and Long-term Effects of Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by extreme restriction of food intake, leading to severe weight loss and malnutrition. It primarily affects adolescents and young adults, often with significant long-term consequences on physical and psychological health.

Physical Complications

• Cardiovascular issues: Bradycardia, hypotension, and increased risk of heart failure.
• Endocrine dysfunction: Irregular menstrual cycles, decreased bone density, and thyroid abnormalities.
• Gastrointestinal complications: Delayed gastric emptying, severe constipation, and digestive disturbances.

Psychological and Neurological Impact

Long-term anorexia nervosa can lead to significant cognitive impairment, mood disorders, and social withdrawal. Individuals often experience heightened anxiety, depression, and an altered perception of body image.

Long-term Effects and Prognosis

Without timely intervention, anorexia nervosa can become life-threatening. Long-term effects include osteoporosis, chronic fatigue, and multi-organ failure. Early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary treatment approach significantly improve recovery outcomes.