Anatomical Basis of Clinical Features of Erb's Palsy and Klumpke's Paralysis

Erb's palsy and Klumpke's paralysis are two distinct forms of brachial plexus injuries that lead to specific neurological impairments. Understanding their anatomical basis helps in diagnosing and managing these conditions effectively.

Erb's Palsy: Clinical Presentation

Erb's palsy is typically caused by an injury to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5-C6 roots). Common clinical features include:

• Waiter's tip deformity (arm adducted, internally rotated, forearm pronated)
• Loss of shoulder abduction (due to supraspinatus and deltoid paralysis)
• Impaired elbow flexion (loss of biceps and brachialis function)

Klumpke's Paralysis: Clinical Presentation

Klumpke's paralysis results from an injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus (C8-T1 roots). Key signs include:

• Weakness of intrinsic hand muscles leading to claw hand deformity
• Possible Horner's syndrome (due to sympathetic fiber involvement)
• Loss of grip strength and fine motor control

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and imaging techniques like MRI or electromyography (EMG). Treatment options may include:

• Physical therapy to improve motor function
• Splinting to prevent deformities
• Surgical intervention in severe cases