Clinical Features and Management of Hypoparathyroidism and Hyperparathyroidism
Treatment Strategies for Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism is a condition marked by low parathyroid hormone levels, leading to calcium imbalances. Treatment involves calcium and vitamin D supplementation, with advanced cases requiring recombinant PTH therapy.
Clinical Features and Management of Hypoparathyroidism and Hyperparathyroidism
Treatment Strategies for Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to hypocalcemia and various systemic complications. The primary goal of treatment is to normalize calcium and phosphate levels, alleviate symptoms, and prevent long-term complications.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
- Muscle cramps and spasms (tetany)
- Paraesthesia (tingling sensation in hands, feet, and face)
- Fatigue and mood disturbances
- Cardiac arrhythmias due to hypocalcemia
Therapeutic Approaches
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation
Most patients require oral calcium supplements and active forms of vitamin D (calcitriol or alfacalcidol) to maintain serum calcium within a safe range.
Recombinant PTH Therapy
For refractory cases, recombinant PTH therapy (such as PTH 1-84) may be considered to reduce dependency on high-dose calcium and vitamin D supplementation.
Monitoring and Lifestyle Recommendations
- Regular monitoring of serum calcium, phosphate, and renal function
- Adequate hydration and dietary modifications
- Managing concomitant conditions like renal dysfunction
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