Clavicle Fracture: Classification and Types

The clavicle, commonly known as the collarbone, is a long bone that connects the arm to the body. A clavicle fracture is a break in this bone, often resulting from direct trauma or falls.

Classification of Clavicle Fractures

Clavicle fractures are classified based on their location:

• Midshaft Fractures: These occur in the middle third of the clavicle and are the most common type.
• Lateral (Distal) Fractures: These occur at the outer edge of the clavicle, near the shoulder.
• Medial (Proximal) Fractures: These are less common and occur near the sternum.

Types of Clavicle Fractures

Clavicle fractures can be categorized based on their characteristics:

• Simple (Non-Displaced) Fracture: The bone remains aligned, requiring minimal treatment.
• Displaced Fracture: The bone ends are separated and may require surgical intervention.
• Comminuted Fracture: The bone is broken into multiple fragments.
• Open Fracture: The bone pierces the skin, necessitating urgent medical care.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Clavicle fractures are diagnosed through physical examination and imaging studies such as X-rays. Treatment options vary based on fracture type:

• Non-Surgical: Sling immobilization, pain management, and physical therapy.
• Surgical: Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using plates and screws for severe fractures.

Recovery depends on the severity of the fracture, with most patients returning to normal activities within weeks to months.